Search DSS

Finding Data: Data on Asia

ACCESS TO THESE DATA FILES ARE RESTRICTED TO CURRENTLY ENROLLED/EMPLOYED MEMBERS OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY.

• Selected Resources for:
  Bangladesh :: China :: India :: Indonesia ::

• Selected Resources for:
  Japan :: Malaysia :: Pakistan :: Philippines ::

• Selected Resources for:
  South Korea :: Taiwan :: Thailand :: Vietnam ::
  
  
• 10 Million International Dyadic Events
  News report events related to political retaliation, world news, economic change, and catastrophes.

  Citation:
  10 Million International Dyadic Events (Electronic File)
  Principal investigator: Gary King and Will Lowe.
  

• Arms Transfers to Developing Countries, 1945-1968
  Data on the transfer of arms to 52 developing nations. The Arms Transfers data (Part 1) provide information on donor and recipient, date and site of transfer, quantity, system classification (e.g., aircraft, helicopters, missiles, artilleries, small arms, or naval systems), and date production began and ended. The Weapons Systems data (Part 2) contain detailed coded information about each weapons system.

• Asia Europe Survey (ASES): A Multinational Comparative Study in 18 Countries, 2001
  Purpose was to study, in 18 countries of Asia and Europe, how democracy (or quasi-democracy) functions in response to various domestic and international stimuli, with a focus on the rise of civil society and the deepening of globalization. Covers generally five topics: (1) identity, (2) trust, (3) satisfaction, (4) beliefs and actions, and (5) socio-economic attributes.

  Sample Size: Adults aged 18-79 living in Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece.

• AsiaBarometer
  Microdata for 2003-2007 has been released. Summary data for 2006 is available. Note: ICPSR only has 2003 and 2004.

• Bank's Crossnational Time Series
  Covers economic, social, and political indicators of nations and empires of the world including, countries and empires that no longer exist. Select data goes back to 1815, and the most recent data is for 2002. Not all indicators are available for all countries or in all years (even years in which the country existed).

• Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES)
  Collaborative program of cross-national research among election studies conducted in over fifty states. The CSES is composed of three tightly linked parts: First, a common module of public opinion survey questions is included in each participant country's post-election study. These "micro" level data include vote choice, candidate and party evaluations, current and retrospective economic evaluations, evaluation of the electoral system itself, in addition to standardized sociodemographic measures. Second, district level data are reported for each respondent, including electoral returns, turnout, and the number of candidates. Finally, system or "macro" level data report aggregate electoral returns, electoral rules and formulas, and regime characteristics.

  Covers the United States as well as a number of European democracies, some in Latin America and the Carribean, and Asia.

• Comparative Survey of Freedom, 1972-1976
  Contains information gathered in 5 annual surveys that assessed the degree of freedom in 218 nations and dependencies. Was carried out under the auspices of Freedom House, New York City. The number of cases with data varies from year to year, due to annexation, amalgamation, or the addition of further territories to the roster. Data includes assessments of the political and civil rights of the general population (using a seven-point scale, i.e., 1, most freedom, to 7, least freedom), an overall freedom rating for the country (using a three-point scale, i.e, free, partly free, and not free), and the direction in which this rating appeared to be moving. Surveys after 1972 have added variables that indicate whether a change in the evaluation since the previous survey was due to internal events in the country or to new information about existing conditions. Before 1973, only the presence or absence of change is noted. Thereafter, an increase in the number of coding categories enables the direction of the change to be recorded. The 1976 data include 4 additional variables applicable to 142 cases and provide information about the system of government and the economy of most of the nations studied.

• Correlates of War (1816+)
  Quantitative data useful for studying international relations. Also includes war within political entities.

• Cross-National Statistics on the Causes of Death (1966-1974)
  Demographic statistics for the populations of 125 countries or areas throughout the world. Units of analysis are both country and data year. Includes statistics on approximately 50 types of causes of death for males, females, and total populations.

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  Used to evaluate population, health, and nutrition programs. Provides national and sub-national data on family planning, maternal and child health, child survival, HIV/AIDS/sexually transmitted infections (STIs), infectious diseases, reproductive health and nutrition. Microdata is available free of charge by request. Data is available for:
  • Angola (2006)
    
  • Armenia (2000,2005)
  • Azerbaijan (2006)
  • Bangladesh (1993/94, 1996/97, 1999-2001, 2004, 2007)
  • Benin (1996, 2001, 2006)
  • Bolivia (1989, 1994, 1998, 2003)
  • Botswana (1988)
  • Brazil (1986, 1991, 1996)
  • Burkina Faso (1992/93, 1998/99. 2003)
  • Burundi (1987)
  • Cambodia (1998, 2000, 2005)
  • Cameroon (1998, 2001, 2004)
  • Central African Republic (1994/95)
  • Chad (1996/97, 2004)
  • Colombia (1986, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005)
  • Comoros (1996)
  • Congo (Brazzaville) (2005)
  • Cote d'Ivoire (1994, 1998/99, 2005)
  • Dominican Republic (1986, 1991, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2007)
  • Ecuador (1987)
  • Egypt (1988, 1992, 1995-1998, 2000, 2002-2005, 2008)
  • El Salvador (1985)
  • Eritrea (1995, 2002)
  • Ethiopia (2000, 2005)
  • Gabon (2000)
  • Ghana (1988, 1993, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2006-2008)
  • Guatemala (1987, 1995, 1997-99)
  • Guinea (1992, 1999, 2005)
  • Guyana (2004, 2005)
  • Haiti (1994/95, 2000, 2005/06)
  • Honduras (2005)
  • India (19992/93, 1998/99, 2005/06)
  • Indonesia (1987, 1991, 1994, 1997, 2002-2003, 2007)
  • Jordan (1990, 1997, 2002, 2007)
  • Kazakhstan (1995, 1999)
  • Kenya (1989, 1993, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004)
  • Kyrgyz Republic (1997)
  • Lesotho (2004)
  • Liberia (1986, 2007)
  • Madagascar (1992, 1997, 2003/04)
  • Malawi (1992, 1996, 2000, 2004)
  • Mali (1987, 1995/96, 2001, 2006)
  • Mauritania (2000/01, 2003)
  • Mexico (1987)
  • Moldova (2005)
  • Morocco (1987, 1992, 1995, 2003/04)
  • Mozambique (1997, 2003)
  • Namibia (1992, 2000, 2006/07)
  • Nepal (1987, 1996, 2001, 2006)
  • Nicaragua (1997/98, 2001)
  • Niger (1992, 1998, 2006)
  • Nigeria (1990, 1999, 2003)
  • Nigeria (Ondo State) (1986)
  • Pakistan (1990/91, 2006/07)
  • Paraguay (1990)
  • Peru (1986, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004-2008)
  • Philippines (1993, 1998, 2003)
  • Rwanda (1992, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2007)
  • Senegal (1986, 1992/93, 1997, 2005, 2006)
  • South Africa (1998, 2003)
  • Sri Lanka (1987)
  • Sudan (1990)
  • Swaziland (2006)
  • Tanzania (1992, 1994-96, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007)
  • Thailand (1987)
  • Togo (1988, 1998)
  • Trinidad and Tobago (1987)
  • Tunisia (1988)
  • Turkey (1993, 1998, 2003)
  • Turkmenistan (2000)
  • Uganda (1988, 1995/96, 2000/01, 2004, 2006, 2007)
  • Ukraine (2007)
  • Uzbekistan (1996, 2002)
  • Vietnam (1997, 2002, 2005)
  • Yemen (1991/92, 1997)
  • Zambia (1992, 1996, 2001/02, 2005)
  • Zimbabwe (1988, 1994, 1999, 2005/06)

• Determinants of Aid in the Post-Cold War Era
  Estimates the responsiveness of aid to recipient countries' economic and physical needs, civil/political rights, and government effectiveness. Looks exclusively at the post-Cold War era and use fixed effects to control for the political, strategic, and other considerations of donors. Finds that aid and per capita income have been negatively related, while aid has been positively related to infant mortality, rights, and government effectiveness.

• Dolphin: Data online for Population, Health & Nutrition
  Statistical resource containing selected current and historical country-level demographic and health indicator data.

• East-Asian Barometer (2001+)
  Comparative survey of attitudes and values toward politics, power, reform, democracy and citizens' political actions in East Asia.

• Education Statistics (World Bank)
  Worldwide data on education from national statistical reports, statistical annexes of new publications, and other data sources. Includes public expenditure data.

• EM-DAT : the International Disaster Database
  Essential core data on the occurrence and effects of over 12,800 mass disasters in the world from 1900 to present.

• Foreign Conflict Behavior, 1950-1968
  Contains data on over 13,000 foreign conflict acts of 113 nations in the period 1950-1968. Data are provided for actor and object, either of which may refer to nations, colonies, international organizations, or groups in rebellion against national authority and involved in international relations. Data are also provided for official and unofficial acts, which are categorized into violent and nonviolent acts. Violent acts are further categorized into planned and unplanned acts, as well as unclassified acts. These include warning or defensive acts related to a developing conflict situation, threat, war, clash, or negative behavior such as blockade, embargo, or diplomatic rebuff of one nation by another. Nonviolent acts include boycott and anti-foreign demonstrations.

• Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM): Expert Questionnaire Data, 1999-2003
  Designed to capture various aspects of firm creation and entrepreneurship across countries. Seeks to measure the national attributes considered critical for new firm births and small firm growth.

  Sample Size: 4,685 experts from over 38 countries and 3 subnational regions: Hong Kong, Shenzhen (China), and Taiwan.

• Global Terrorism Database II, 1998-2004
  Undertaken to address the fact that there is little robust empirical analysis of terrorism. The two primary reasons for this problem included insufficient temporal and spatial coverage of available data, and a lack of public availability of terrorism data. Due to this lack of available empirical data regarding terrorism, the researchers sought to code and verify a previously unavailable dataset composed of terrorist events recorded for the entire world from 1998 through 2004. The goal was to create a comprehensive and sound data set on global terrorism that can be used to derive methodologically robust insights into the phenomenon of terrorism and how to counter it. Not intended to be merged with the Global Terrorism Database, 1970-1997. The data being distributed in this data collection were collected using different methods and often different data definitions. Accordingly, the databases should not be used for direct comparison. Does not examine state terrorism.

• International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS) Series
  Most far-reaching program of standardized sample surveys to look at a householders' experience with crime, policing, crime prevention, and feelings of insecurity in a large number of nations. It also allows for analysis of how risks of crime vary among different groups of populations across social and demographic lines.
  • Wave 1 - 1989 - 17 cities or countries
  • Wave 2 - 1992 - 28 cities or countries
  • Wave 3 - 1996/1997 - 45 cities or countries
  • Wave 4 - 2000/2001 - 39 cities or countries
  • Wave 5 - 2004/2005 - over 35 cities or countries

  Sample Size: Generally, 1,000 - 2,000 households from each participating country.

• International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Datasets
  In collaboration with institutions throughout the world, IFPRI is often involved in the collection of primary data and the compilation and processing of secondary data. The resulting datasets provide a wealth of information at the local (household and community), national, and global levels. Includes geospatial data, household and community-level surveys, institution-level surveys, regional data, and social accounting matrices. Datasets must be requested from IFPRI.

• International Military Intervention (1946-2005)
  Updates International Military Intervention (IMI), 1946-1988. This newer study documents 447 intervention events from 1989 to 2005. To ensure consistency across the full 1946-2005 time span, the original coding procedures were followed. The data collection thus "documents all cases of military intervention across international boundaries by regular armed forces of independent states" in the international system). "Military interventions are defined operationally in this collection as the movement of regular troops or forces of one country inside another, in the context of some political issue or dispute". As with the original IMI (OIMI) collection, the 1989-2005 dataset includes information on actor and target states, as well as starting and ending dates. It also includes a categorical variable describing the direction of the intervention, i.e., whether it was launched in support of the target government, in opposition to the target government, or against some third party actor within the target state's borders. The intensity of the military intervention is captured in ordinal variables that document the scale of the actor's involvement, "ranging from minor engagement such as evacuation, to patrols, act of intimidation, and actual firing, shelling or bombing". Casualties that are a direct result of the military intervention are coded as well. A novel aspect of IMI is the inclusion of a series of variables designed to ascertain the motivations or issues that prompted the actor to intervene, including to take sides in a domestic dispute in the target state, to affect target state policy, to protect a socio-ethnic or minority group, to attack rebels in sanctuaries in the target state, to protect economic or resource interests, to intervene for strategic purposes, to lend humanitarian aid, to acquire territory or to dispute its ownership, and to protect its own military/diplomatic interests. The variable, civilian casualties, which complements IMI's information on the casualties suffered by actor and target military personnel has been added. OIMI variables on colonial history, previous intervention, alliance partners, alignment of the target, power size of the intervener, and power size of the target have been deleted.

• International Religious Freedom Data, Aggregate File (2001, 2003, 2005)
  Contains aggregate measures from the 2001, 2003, and 2005 U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Reports. This coding produced data on 196 different countries and territories but excluded the United States. Also includes 3 indexes calculated from these data: Government Regulation of Religion index, Social Regulation of Religion index, Government Favoritism of Religion index. Part of the Association of Religion Data Archives.

• International Social Survey Program (ISSP) (1985+)
  1998-2005 is also available in an easy to use comparative program. For the latest see the site's web page. A listing of modules performed through 2008 is available. Ongoing program of crossnational collaboration. Develops topical modules dealing with important areas of social science as supplements to regular national surveys. Every survey includes questions about general attitudes toward various social issues such as the legal system, sex, and the economy. Special topics have included the environment, the role of government, social inequality, social support, family and gender issues, work orientation, the impact of religious background, behavior, and beliefs on social and political preferences, and national identity. Participating countries vary for each topical module.

• IPUMS-International Census Data
  Project dedicated to collecting and distributing census data from around the world. Samples are currently available for Argentina (1970, 1980, 1991, 2001), Armenia (2001), Austria (1971, 1981, 1991, 2001), Belarus (1999), Bolivia (1976, 1992, 2001), Brazil (1960, 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000), Cambodia (1998), Canada (1971, 1981, 1991, 2001), Chile (1960, 1970, 1982, 1992, 2002), China (1982, 1990), Colombia (1964, 1973, 1985, 1993, 2005)), Costa Rica (1963, 1973, 1984, 2000), Ecuador (1962, 1974, 1982, 1990, 2001), Egypt (1996), France (1962, 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990, 1999), Ghana (2000), Greece (1971, 1981, 1991, 2001), Guinea (1983, 1996), Hungary (1970, 1980, 1990, 2001, India (1983, 1987, 1993, 1999 all employment surveys), Iraq (1997), Israel (1972, 1983, 1995), Italy (2001), Jordan (2004), Kenya (1989, 1999), Kyrgyz Republic (1999), Malaysia (1970, 1980, 1991, 2000), Mexico (1960, 1970, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005), (Mongolia 1989, 2000), Netherlands (1960, 1971, 2001), Palestine (1997), Panama (1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000), Philippines (1990, 1995, 2000), Portugal (1981, 1991, 2001), Romania (1977, 1992, 2002), Rwanda (1991, 2002), Slovenia (2002), South Africa (1996, 2001, 2007), Spain (1981, 1991, 2001), Uganda (1991, 2001), United Kingdom (1991, 2001), United States (1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000), Venezuela (1971, 1981, 1990, 2001), Vietnam (1989, 1999). Registration is required.

• Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) household surveys
  Established by the World Bank in 1980 to explore ways of improving the type and quality of household data collected by government statistical offices in developing countries. Objectives were to develop new methods for monitoring progress in raising levels of living, to identify the consequences for households of current and proposed government policies, and to improve communications between survey statisticians, analysts, and policymakers. Surveys have been conducted in more than two dozen countries.

  Data is available for download from the web site for:

  • Albania 1996 (requires permission), 2002-2005
  • Azerbaijan 1995
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001-2004
  • Brazil 1996-1997
  • Bulgaria 1995, 1997, 2001, 2003
  • China 1995, 1997
  • Cote d'Ivoire 1985-1988
  • Guatemala 2000
  • India 1997-1998
  • Yugoslavia- Kosovo 2000
  • Kyrgyz Republic 1993, 1996-1998
  • Nicaragua 1993, 1998-1999, 2001, 2005
  • Panama 1997, 2003
  • Papua New Guinea 1996
  • Peru 1985, 1990-1991, 1994
  • Serbia 2002, 2003, 2007
  • South Africa 1993
  • Tajikistan 1999,2003
  • Tanzania 1991-1994,2004
  • Timor Leste 2001

  Surveys have been done in other countries but procedures for obtaining the data vary.

  • Armenia 1996
  • Ecuador 1994,1995,1998
  • Ghana 1987-1989, 1991-1992, 1998-1999
  • Guyana 1992-1993
  • Jamaica 1988-2000
  • Kazakhstan 1996
  • Malawi 2004-2005
  • Morocco 1991
  • Nepal 1996, 2003-2004
  • Pakistan 1991
  • Romania 1994-1995
  • Viet Nam 1992-1993, 1997-1998, 2002-2004

• Luxembourg Income Studies (LIS)
  Household income surveys involving 37 countries in Europe, America, Asia and Oceania. Also available are the Luxembourg Employment Study, a database containing data on labor force characteristics for 16 countries (ceased in 2000 and incorporated into LIS), and the Luxembourg Wealth Study, a database containing data on household wealth in 10 countries. Users must register to gain access, but registration is free for academic use.

• Market for Migrant Domestic and Sex Workers, 2002-2006
  Explored attitudes towards, and experience of, the markets for migrant domestic and sex workers in the Czech Republic, Hong Hong, Spain, Thailand, and the UK through a combination of interview and survey research. Interviews were structured around a standard set of topics, and examined respondents' attitudes towards gender, race/ethnicity, age, and domestic work/commercial sex. It aimed to examine continuities and discontinuities between domestic work and sex work, paying particular attention to the role of the social/cultural imagination in constructing a market for migrant workers and questions about how this demand relates to broader socially tolerated attitudes towards race, gender, age and sexuality, and to make a contribution to current theorizing on gender, nationality, global interdependence, age, racial/ethnic identities and the complex intersections among these systems. To obtain a free account please register with the UKDA.

• Minorities at Risk (MAR) Project (1945+)
  Tracks 284 politically-active ethnic groups throughout the world -- identifying where they are, what they do, and what happens to them. Focuses specifically on ethnopolitical groups, non-state communal groups that have "political significance" in the contemporary world because of their status and political actions. Political significance is determined by: (1) The group collectively suffers, or benefits from, systematic discriminatory treatment vis-a-vis other groups in a society and (2) The group is the basis for political mobilization and collective action in defense or promotion of its self-defined interests.

• Occupational Wages around the World (OWW) Database
  Contains occupational wage data for 161 occupations in over 150 countries from 1983 to 2003.

• Political Events Project, 1948-1965
  Contains data on 6,754 political instability events in 84 selected nations in the period 1948-1965. These data, which permit measurement of political instability and the correlates of internal conflict behavior, are concerned with conflict directed by groups and individuals in the prevailing political system against other groups or persons, and with uncovering the determinants of stability within all national political systems. The variables in the dataset are divided into four basic types: variables that identify events, classify events, describe events, and evaluate events. The study provides a conflict intensity rating for each event. Political instability events are classified from low to high and include institutionally prescribed elections, the fall of cabinets, martial laws, assassinations of significant group leaders, mass arrests, coup d'etats, and civil wars.

• Polling the Nations
  Compilation of public opinion surveys conducted in the United States and more than 80 other countries. Each record includes the question asked and the responses given, the polling organization responsible for the work, the date the information was released, the sample size, and the groups or areas included in the interview.

• United Nations Surveys of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems
  Collects data on the incidence of reported crime and the operations of criminal justice systems with a view to improving the analysis and dissemination of that information globally. Results provide an overview of trends and interrelationships between various parts of the criminal justice system to promote informed decision-making in administration, nationally and internationally. The surveys were started in 1977, covering 5-year intervals from 1970-1994. Starting in 1995 surveys cover 2 or 3 year intervals. Data may also be accessed through ICPSR.

• Women in Development Series (1979-1980, 1983)
  Series of studies on women in development in 1970 with data drawn primarily from national censuses, surveys, statistical abstracts, and international statistical compendia. References are also made in some cases to evaluative studies conducted by individual researchers, research teams, and the staff of the International Demographic Data Center of the Bureau. These data constitute the most recently available information at the time of collection. The aim of this data series was to provide a reliable, up-to-date, accessible database on women in development which can illuminate the discrepancies in the roles and status of women against those of men throughout the world in order to serve as a basis for the promotion of both intranational and international parity between the sexes. The studies that comprise the Women in Development series consist of national-level data concerning female/male differentials over a range of demographic and socio-economic variables. Wherever possible, the data are broken down by age and urban/rural residence to facilitate further analysis. The series is cumulative and the data are presented in basic tabular format. Initially, the data tables were compiled for 69 developing nations from Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Near East that were recipients of the United States Agency for International Development aid. The first collection, Women in Development, 1979-1980 (ICPSR 8053), included all the aid-recipient nations regardless of population size. Subsequently, data were compiled for all remaining nations of the world with a population of five million or more, and statistics for the original nations were updated to reflect more recent information. The second collection in the series, Women in Development IV, 1983 (ICPSR 8155), covered approximately 120 nations from Asia, the Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Near East, North America, Europe, and the Soviet Union.

• Women in Parliament, 1945-2003: Cross-National Dataset
  Information on women's inclusion in parliamentary bodies in over 150 countries from 1945 to 2003. Allows for extensive, large-scale, cross-national investigation of the factors that explain women's attainment of political power over time and provides educators with comprehensive international and historical information on women in a variety of political positions. Information is provided on female suffrage, the first female member of parliament, yearly percentages of women in parliaments, when women reached important representational milestones, such as 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of a legislature, and when women achieved highly-visible political positions, such as prime minister, president, or head of parliament.

• World Database of Happiness: States of Nations
  Includes summary information from social surveys indicating levels of happiness in about 95 countries around the world, along with data on possibal causal factors.

• World Development Indicators
  Development indicators from the World Bank. Covers population, education, health, aid, poverty and environmental indicators for 208 countries.

• World Event/Interaction Survey (WEIS) Project, 1966-1978
  Record of the flow of action and response between countries (as well as non-governmental actors, e.g., NATO) reflected in public events reported daily in the New York Times from January 1966 through December 1978. The unit of analysis in the dataset is the event/interaction, referring to words and deeds communicated between nations, such as threats of military force. Each event/interaction is a daily report of an international event. Coded for each event are the actor, target, date, action category, and arena. Also provided are brief textual descriptions for each event.

  Sample Size: 98,043 events

• World Fertility Data (2006)
  Data on fertility and marriage for 192 countries. The indicators are selected in such a way as to present a concise picture of reproductive behavior from both period and cohort perspectives. The data are compiled from civil registration, population censuses and nationally representative sample surveys. The basic criterion for inclusion of data is its reliability. No attempts were made to estimate missing data. For each country, available data are presented for 2 dates. An earlier date was centered on 1970 and the most recent on 2000 or later. In cases where data for 1970 are not available, the closest date is selected from within the 1960-1985 period. For the later date, the most recent available estimate since 1986 is selected. Reference dates were chosen on the basis of two criteria: the database should contain most recent available data and the benchmark data that should correspond to the beginning of sustained fertility decline in most parts of the world.

• World Income Inequality Database
  The UNU/WIDER World Income Inequality Database (WIID) collects and stores information on income inequality for developed, developing, and transition countries.

• World Marriage Data (2006)
  Contains data on marriage for 192 countries. Iindicators are selected in such a way as to present a concise picture of marital behavior from both period & cohort perspectives. Data are compiled from civil registration, population censuses and nationally representative sample surveys. The basic criterion for inclusion of data is its reliability. No attempts were made to estimate missing data. For each country, marital statuses and period indicators are presented for 2 dates. An earlier date was centered on 1970 and the most recent on 2000 or later. In cases where data for 1970 are not available, the closest date is selected from within the 1960-1985 period. For the later date, the most recent available estimate since 1986 is selected. Reference dates were chosen on the basis of two criteria: the database should contain most recent available data and the benchmark data that should correspond to the beginning of sustained fertility decline in most parts of the world.

• World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers [Trade] Series (1961-1993)
  Worldwide and regional annual totals of military spending.

• World Population Prospects (2004, 2006 revisions)
  Comprehensive set of demographic indicators for 1950-2050. Includes measures of fertility, life expectancy, migration, and measures of the impact of HIV/AIDS.

• World Values Survey and European Values Survey. 1981-1984, 1990-1993, 1995-1997, 1999-2005.
  Designed to enable a crossnational comparison of values and norms on a wide variety of topics and to monitor changes in values and attitudes across the globe. A variety of questions on religion and morality were included. Data is currently available for 1981-1984, 1990-1993, 1995-1997, and 1999-2005.